http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/19/science/flies-that-do-calculus-with-their-wings.html?hp

At Cornell University, for instance, researchers have been
investigating how the flies recover when their flight is momentarily disturbed.
Among their conclusions: a small group of fly neurons is solving calculus
problems, or what for humans are calculus problems.

To do the research, the members of Cornell team — Itai Cohen and his colleagues,
including Z. Jane Wang, John Guckenheimer and Leif Ristroph, who is now at New
York University — glue tiny magnets to the flies and use a magnetic pulse to
pull them this way or that. In the language of aeronautics, the scientists
disturb either the flies’ pitch (up or down), yaw (left or right) or roll, which
is just what it sounds like.