I present an idealized case that strips the question and answer to
the barest of essentials:

Both pilots start at the same time. The task is 100 km long. They average 50
km/h and arrive at the goal at the same time. The "first" pilot leads the
"second" pilot the whole way. He is 1.67 km ahead (2 minutes) of the "second"
pilot when he reaches the half way point.

The leading points are determined by the area under each of the flight paths.
The first pilot's area is slightly smaller than the second pilot's area.

Using the GAP 2014 scoring formulas (GAP 2002):

First pilot: Distance point: 361, Time points: 447.3, Arrival Position points:
79.98, Leading points: 111.83, Total = 1000.

Second pilot: Distance point: 361, Time points: 447.3, Arrival Position points:
79.98, Leading points: 102.70, Total = 990.87.

The pilot who followed the leading pilot received a 9 point penalty.

When the lead pilot is five minutes (4.17 km) ahead at the half way point the
second point is penalized 17 points and when he is ahead by ten minutes (8.33
km) at the half way point the second pilot is penalized 27 points.