Bald Eagles in Florida
Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail writes:
Florida has one of the densest concentrations of nesting bald
eagles in the lower 48 states, with an estimated 1,500 nesting pairs.
Concentrations of nesting territories are clustered around several significant
lake, river, and coastal systems throughout the state. The Florida Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has monitored the population of nesting
bald eagles in Florida for over 40 years. Bald eagles have some biological characteristics unique to Florida. Nearly all
bald eagle nests in Florida are built within 1.8 miles of water. Most clutches
of eggs in Florida are laid between December and early January. Incubation lasts
about 35 days. Nestlings in Florida fledge, or become able to fly from the nest,
at around 11 weeks of age and remain with their parents near the nest for an
additional 4-11 weeks. Most of Florida's breeding bald eagles, especially those nesting in the extreme
southern peninsula, remain in the state year-round, but most subadults, or birds
not quite fully mature, and non-breeding adults migrate out of Florida. Eagles
migrate northward between April and August and return southward from late July
through late December. Juveniles migrate northward later than older subadults. Most juveniles disperse at about 128 days of age and spend their first summer as
far north as Newfoundland, with peak numbers summering around Chesapeake Bay and
the coastal plain of North Carolina. Florida's bald eagles use three migration
flyways - the Atlantic coast, Appalachian Mountains, and the Mississippi River
valley - with equal frequency, and they use stopover sites for resting or
foraging. Bald eagles are opportunistic foragers, feeding or scavenging on a wide variety
of prey. Primary prey of eagles in Florida includes various fish and waterfowl
species. Prey from one study in north-central Florida was composed of 78% fish
(mostly catfish, especially brown bullhead), 17% birds (mainly American coot),
3% mammals, and 1% amphibians and reptiles combined.
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